Pterygium

Definition

A pterygium is a growth of scar-like tissue of the conjunctiva onto the edge of the cornea. They can appear on either side (or both sides) of the cornea, but they tend to occur more on the nose (nasal) side. They may increase in size over many years.

Symptoms

Small pterygia are common and often don’t cause significant symptoms. They can cause redness, irritation, tearing, difficulty with contact lens wear, poor cosmesis. If they get large, they can also affect the vision.

Causes

See risk factors below.

Risk Factors

Ultraviolet exposure. Welding is a job-related risk.

Complications

Peripheral and central corneal scarring, permanent decreased vision.

Tests and Diagnosis

Slit lamp examination is essential. Corneal topography can demonstrate induced astigmatism.

Treatment

Lubrication with tear drops, gels and ointments; surgical excision if progressive and causing symptoms. Pterygia may recur after surgical excision.

Prevention

Sunglasses and lubrication.