Cotton-Wool Spots

Cotton-wool spots are tiny white areas in the retina, the layer of light-sensing cells lining the back of the eye. Caused by small vessel occlusions. They usually disappear without treatment and do not threaten vision. They are, however, and indicator of a possible medical condition, which may need treatment, and therefore a work-up is indicated.

Diabetes and hypertension (high blood pressure) is the most common cause of cotton-wool spots. The presence of more than eight cotton-wool spots has been associated with a higher risk of the more severe form of diabetic retinopathy known as proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Cotton-wool spots are also a common sign of infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Their presence can be an important sign of the severity of HIV-related disease.